Presentation
Rodrigues is the smallest autonomous island of the Republic of Mauritius, located in the Indian Ocean about 560 kilometres east of the main island. Often referred to as the “Cinderella of the Mascarenes,” Rodrigues is known for its tranquil charm, unspoiled natural beauty, and warm hospitality. With an area of 108 km² and a population of around 44,000, the island offers a unique blend of cultural traditions, Creole heritage, and community life rooted in solidarity.
Early Encounters and Settlement
Rodrigues was first sighted by Arab and Portuguese sailors in the early 16th century. Named after the Portuguese navigator Diego Rodriguez, it remained uninhabited for centuries. In 1691, the first permanent settlers — a small group of French colonists — established themselves on the island. Under French rule, Rodrigues developed slowly, with settlers relying on farming, fishing, and livestock rearing for survival.
Slavery and Emancipation
Like Mauritius, Rodrigues experienced the tragedy of slavery, with enslaved people forming the majority of its population during the colonial period. The abolition of slavery in Mauritius in 1835 marked a turning point, but historical records indicate that news of emancipation only reached Rodrigues on 4 June 1839. Today, the island commemorates both dates as milestones in the struggle for freedom, honouring the resilience of those who endured slavery. The freed slaves and their descendants became the backbone of Rodriguan society, shaping the island’s unique identity and community spirit during the subsequent British period and beyond.
British Administration and Post-Independence
Following the capture of Mauritius by the British in 1810, Rodrigues became a dependency of Mauritius and was administered as such throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. During both French and British rule, the island’s local affairs were largely managed from the main island, leaving the Rodriguan population with limited control over their own governance.
After Mauritius gained independence in 1968, Rodrigues remained part of the Republic, but the people of the island increasingly expressed a desire for greater participation in decision-making and more autonomy over local matters.
Autonomy within the Republic of Mauritius
This long-standing aspiration culminated in the enactment of the Rodrigues Regional Assembly Act in 2001, which granted the island a degree of autonomy within the Republic of Mauritius. On 12 October 2002, the Rodrigues Regional Assembly held its first sitting, a historic milestone in the island’s democratic journey. This achievement empowered Rodrigues to legislate on devolved matters and to manage its affairs in line with the needs and aspirations of its people. Today, 12 October is celebrated annually as Rodrigues Day, commemorating the island’s progress towards greater self-governance
Today
Rodrigues continues to build on this history of resilience and self-determination. Its people remain proud of their heritage, their culture, and their role in shaping an island that values democracy, solidarity, and community spirit.
